Journal Description
Adolescents
Adolescents
is an international, peer-reviewed, open access journal on adolescent development and health sciences published quarterly online by MDPI.
- Open Access— free for readers, with article processing charges (APC) paid by authors or their institutions.
- High Visibility: indexed within Scopus and other databases.
- Rapid Publication: manuscripts are peer-reviewed and a first decision is provided to authors approximately 37.2 days after submission; acceptance to publication is undertaken in 4.6 days (median values for papers published in this journal in the second half of 2023).
- Recognition of Reviewers: APC discount vouchers, optional signed peer review, and reviewer names published annually in the journal.
Latest Articles
“I Prefer Eating Less Than Eating Healthy”: Drivers of Food Choice in a Sample of Muslim Adolescents
Adolescents 2024, 4(1), 41-61; https://doi.org/10.3390/adolescents4010004 - 04 Jan 2024
Abstract
Adolescence is a time of significant change which is experienced differently across sociocultural contexts. Understanding drivers of food practice in adolescence is vital as these impact future health outcomes and can drive health inequality. This study investigates drivers of food choice in predominantly
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Adolescence is a time of significant change which is experienced differently across sociocultural contexts. Understanding drivers of food practice in adolescence is vital as these impact future health outcomes and can drive health inequality. This study investigates drivers of food choice in predominantly British–Asian, Muslim adolescents living in a deprived urban area of England. It identifies dominant drivers of food choice and their impact on health and wellbeing, and explores how Muslim adolescents from a low socioeconomic, British–Asian group understand and action autonomy in their food practices. PhotoVoice, a focussed ethnographical methodology where participants reflect on lived experience, was used to address the study aim. Participants (n = 21) were secondary school pupils aged 14–15 years, recruited from a school situated in an area of deprivation. Four overarching themes were developed from the qualitative data framework analysis: (1) food preference and other determinants of food choice; (2) concept, understanding and importance of health; (3) developing autonomy, skills, and independence; and (4) role of community, friends, and family in food practices. The adolescents were developing autonomy in relation to their food practices, whilst navigating a complex web of factors which were, in part, determined by their social class location and demographics. Participants understood the constituents of healthy eating. However, there was a perceived “effort” of being healthy, including additional time for preparing healthier food and sacrificing taste preferences. Parents, friends, and schools highly influence food choices, with adolescents preferring a broad palate of takeaway and convenience foods and would prefer to eat less of these “unhealthy” options than eat healthily.
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(This article belongs to the Section Adolescent Health Behaviors)
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Perspectives Matter: Insecure Residency Status Accounts for Aggressive Emotions in Adolescent Refugees
Adolescents 2024, 4(1), 28-40; https://doi.org/10.3390/adolescents4010003 - 03 Jan 2024
Abstract
Unaccompanied refugees are a high-risk group for trauma-induced psychiatric disorders. Besides traumatic experiences pre- and during migration, post-migration stressors such as insecure residency status affect refugees’ mental health and foster aggressive emotions. High levels of psychological distress and psychopathology distort time perspectives. Consequently,
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Unaccompanied refugees are a high-risk group for trauma-induced psychiatric disorders. Besides traumatic experiences pre- and during migration, post-migration stressors such as insecure residency status affect refugees’ mental health and foster aggressive emotions. High levels of psychological distress and psychopathology distort time perspectives. Consequently, an insecure residency status linked to distress may influence a refugee’s time perspective. This study investigated psychological distress, PTSD symptoms, aggressive emotions, and time perspectives in 33 unaccompanied adolescent refugees with and without secure residency status in Germany. Refugees with precarious residency status showed higher levels of overall distress and aggression than individuals with secure residency status. Both groups revealed a distorted time perspective profile, but individuals with a residence permit showed a stronger orientation toward the present hedonistic perspective than those without a permit. Higher aggressive emotions were related to insecure status, higher levels of psychological distress, more pronounced PTSD symptoms, and lower orientation to future time perspective. Distorted time perspectives among refugees may be caused by traumatic experiences and having been uprooted, independently of their residency status in the host country. A higher future orientation may buffer the association between distorted time perspectives and aggressive emotions in the highly stressed group of unaccompanied adolescent refugees.
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(This article belongs to the Section Adolescent Health and Mental Health)
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Perceived Physical Competence, Self-Esteem, and Leadership among Girls: A Program Evaluation of GOALS (Girls Organizing and Learning Sport)
Adolescents 2024, 4(1), 14-27; https://doi.org/10.3390/adolescents4010002 - 03 Jan 2024
Abstract
This study evaluated a leadership-based physical activity program, Girls Organizing and Learning Sport (GOALS), by assessing changes in health behaviours, physical competence, self-esteem, and leadership. Of the 466 participants who enrolled in the program, 102 (22%) completed a pre-and post-program survey containing questions
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This study evaluated a leadership-based physical activity program, Girls Organizing and Learning Sport (GOALS), by assessing changes in health behaviours, physical competence, self-esteem, and leadership. Of the 466 participants who enrolled in the program, 102 (22%) completed a pre-and post-program survey containing questions concerning demographics, physical activity, physical competence, self-esteem, and leadership. The GOALS program was held twice (fall 2022/winter 2023) and consisted of two-hour weekly sessions over four weeks at nine different locations. Paired-sample t-tests, Chi-squares, and one-way ANOVA tests were utilized to analyze differences before and after the GOALS program. Results revealed that more participants were involved in school sports, community sports, and regular physical activity post-program (all p’s < 0.05). A significant difference was also observed between pre-and post-test scores for physical competence and self-esteem (p’s < 0.05). However, the program did not elicit changes in health behaviours or total leadership scores (all p’s > 0.05). Moreover, significant results were observed between physical competence difference scores and those who care for their health by exercising (p = 0.025), leadership difference scores and those who take care of their health by exercising (p = 0.044), self-esteem difference scores by program location (p = 0.001), and physical competence difference scores by ethnicity (p = 0.003). Overall, further research into the design, administration, and targeted outcomes is recommended for future sessions.
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(This article belongs to the Section Adolescent Health Behaviors)
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“Instead of Asking for Fare, You Ask Her to Pay with Sex”: Male Perspectives on the Factors Influencing Schoolgirls’ Participation in Age-Disparate Transactional Sex Relationships
Adolescents 2024, 4(1), 1-13; https://doi.org/10.3390/adolescents4010001 - 20 Dec 2023
Abstract
Age-disparate transactional sex relationships are often coerced and exploitative. The gender and economic disparities between affluent men and economically disadvantaged girls often perpetuate these relationships, resulting in their exploitation. This qualitative study assessed men’s understanding of factors influencing schoolgirls’ engagement in age-disparate transactional
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Age-disparate transactional sex relationships are often coerced and exploitative. The gender and economic disparities between affluent men and economically disadvantaged girls often perpetuate these relationships, resulting in their exploitation. This qualitative study assessed men’s understanding of factors influencing schoolgirls’ engagement in age-disparate transactional sex relationships in two rural districts in Kenya. Four focus group sessions were conducted with men from two primary professions: motorcycle taxi operators (Boda Boda) and teachers from primary and secondary schools from two districts in Kitui South, Sub County, Kenya. Focus group data were analyzed using conventional content analysis. Several influential factors associated with schoolgirls’ engagement in these transactional relationships are discussed in three broad themes: access and coercion, parental influence, and peer-related factors. Study results indicate that schoolgirls in rural areas are more susceptible to predation by men willing to trade sexual favors with underage girls. These findings make it imperative to address the predation of adolescent girls by men involved in these transactional relationships by implementing comprehensive sex education programs that empower schoolgirls to recognize and resist coercion. Additionally, implementing measures involving community leaders, parents, and other stakeholders in a collective effort to combat the exploitation of underage girls is paramount. These measures should be accompanied by the stricter enforcement of laws and regulations to hold perpetrators accountable for their actions.
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(This article belongs to the Section Emerging and Contemporary Issue in Adolescence)
Open AccessArticle
Youth–Therapist and Parent–Therapist Match and Mismatch on Internalizing and Externalizing Treatment Goals as Predictors of Treatment Engagement
Adolescents 2023, 3(4), 678-692; https://doi.org/10.3390/adolescents3040048 - 13 Dec 2023
Abstract
Therapist–client cognitive match upon key constructs such as treatment goals is purported to be an important component of culturally competent care. For adolescent clients, treatment may involve both youths and their parents, suggesting the need to consider both youth–therapist and parent–therapist perspectives. This
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Therapist–client cognitive match upon key constructs such as treatment goals is purported to be an important component of culturally competent care. For adolescent clients, treatment may involve both youths and their parents, suggesting the need to consider both youth–therapist and parent–therapist perspectives. This longitudinal study examined broadband youth–therapist and parent–therapist treatment goal matching and mismatching in relationship to treatment engagement in a culturally diverse sample of 245 outpatient mental health service-using youth. Although goal matching/mismatching did not uniformly predict treatment engagement as measured by a total score, youth–therapist internalizing goal matching predicted better youth engagement, and parent–therapist externalizing goal mismatch marginally predicted worse parent engagement. When selected post hoc analyses examined relationships to four individual engagement dimensions, youth–therapist internalizing goal matches positively predicted youth Client–therapist interaction, Communication/Openness, Client’s perceived usefulness of therapy, and Collaboration with treatment, while parent–therapist externalizing goal mismatch negatively predicted parent Collaboration with treatment. Findings support the importance of cognitive match on treatment goals as well as the consideration of both parent and youth perspectives, matched and mismatched goals, internalizing and externalizing goals, and examining individual dimensions in addition to total scores of engagement.
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(This article belongs to the Section Adolescent Health and Mental Health)
Open AccessReview
Adolescents and Electronic Vapor Product Use: A Dangerous Unknown
Adolescents 2023, 3(4), 667-677; https://doi.org/10.3390/adolescents3040047 - 03 Nov 2023
Abstract
Electronic vapor products (EVPs) are non-conventional tobacco products that use a battery to heat liquid, generating an aerosol to be inhaled by the user. Despite being initially proposed as a harm reduction tool for adults looking to quit conventional tobacco cigarettes, EVP usage
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Electronic vapor products (EVPs) are non-conventional tobacco products that use a battery to heat liquid, generating an aerosol to be inhaled by the user. Despite being initially proposed as a harm reduction tool for adults looking to quit conventional tobacco cigarettes, EVP usage has grown significantly in the adolescent population over the past decade. Data from the 2021 Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS) show that currently, in the United States, 36% of adolescents have ever used an EVP, 18% currently use an EVP, and 5% use EVPs daily. Initial studies have raised concerns about the health effects on multiple organ systems (e.g., respiratory, cardiovascular, and neurodevelopmental), and little information is known about the long-term effects, as well as the impacts specific to the still-developing adolescent body. EVP usage in the adolescent population is a public health crisis. The purpose of this narrative review is to address what is known thus far and to advise areas of focus for future research and advocacy.
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Adolescents Hospitalized for Psychiatric Illness: Caregiver Perspectives on Challenges
Adolescents 2023, 3(4), 651-666; https://doi.org/10.3390/adolescents3040046 - 31 Oct 2023
Abstract
Adolescents with psychiatric illness severe enough to be hospitalized experience many challenges that are also experienced by their caregivers and other family members. The purpose of this study was to explore the challenges experienced by these adolescents and their families from the perspective
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Adolescents with psychiatric illness severe enough to be hospitalized experience many challenges that are also experienced by their caregivers and other family members. The purpose of this study was to explore the challenges experienced by these adolescents and their families from the perspective of the caregivers. A cross-sectional survey with open-ended questions and standardized measures was administered to caregivers while their children were in hospital. Caregivers (n = 24) reported significant challenges related to the psychological problems their adolescents were experiencing, and additional burdens that influenced the family context in which the adolescents were developing. Adolescents with psychiatric illness may be contributing to and developing in stressful family contexts. Implications include the need for interventions for caregivers alongside the psychiatric care provided for their children and specialized supports for their complex situation.
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(This article belongs to the Section Adolescent Health and Mental Health)
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Factors Associated with the Prevalence and Treatment of Depression in Adolescent Males in the US during the Period of the COVID-19 Pandemic
Adolescents 2023, 3(4), 640-650; https://doi.org/10.3390/adolescents3040045 - 25 Oct 2023
Abstract
Background: Much of the research on the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health has overlooked the experiences of adolescent boys. Objective: To examine the prevalence of depression, treatment trends, and associated risk factors among adolescent boys, controlling for the pandemic year.
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Background: Much of the research on the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health has overlooked the experiences of adolescent boys. Objective: To examine the prevalence of depression, treatment trends, and associated risk factors among adolescent boys, controlling for the pandemic year. Methods: Data for boys aged 12 to 17 years (n = 4518) in the 2021 National Survey on Drug Use and Health were analyzed. Time trends and factors associated with depression were examined using a multiple regression analysis. Results: The prevalence of 12-month major depressive episodes (TMDEs) was 11.6% during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic. Among the boys with TMDEs, 37.8% received treatment overall, and 19.0% received prescription medication. Higher rates of TMDEs were estimated in boys who were older (adjusted odds ratio (AOR): 1.66, p < 0.001), lived in single-mother households (AOR: 1.47, p < 0.001), did not have authoritative parents (AOR: 1.78, p < 0.001), and had negative school experiences (AOR: 2.45, p < 0.001). Although Black boys were less likely to report depression than white boys (AOR: 0.70, p < 0.05), nonwhite boys who had depression were significantly less likely to receive treatment. Boys living in a household without a mother were also less likely to receive treatment (AOR: 0.49, p < 0.05). Conclusions: This study reveals the unique developmental, social, and psychological factors that influence depression among adolescent boys. During the pandemic, more than one out of ten adolescent boys had a major depressive episode, and four of ten of them received treatment; half of these treatments were prescription medication. Recognizing these factors may allow for more targeted and effective interventions to improve mental health outcomes for this demographic.
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(This article belongs to the Section Adolescent Health and Mental Health)
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Anthropometric and Physical Fitness Profile of Adolescent Inter-County Ladies’ Gaelic Football Players
Adolescents 2023, 3(4), 625-639; https://doi.org/10.3390/adolescents3040044 - 11 Oct 2023
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the anthropometric and physical fitness profiles of inter-county female Gaelic football players from under-14 to under-18 age levels. A total of 156 athletes (U14, n = 33; U16, n = 64; U18, n = 59)
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The aim of this study was to determine the anthropometric and physical fitness profiles of inter-county female Gaelic football players from under-14 to under-18 age levels. A total of 156 athletes (U14, n = 33; U16, n = 64; U18, n = 59) participated in this study. Testing was conducted in a single session for each group and included anthropometric measures of standing and sitting height, weight, estimated age of peak height velocity (PHV), and maturity offset. Physical performance tests included squat jump (SJ), countermovement jump (CMJ) and drop jump (DJ), 0–5 m and 0–20 m sprint times, pro-agility test, medicine ball chest-pass throw, and YoYo intermittent recovery test level 1 (YoYoIR1). A one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to investigate differences between the age groups. Significant differences were identified between age groups for measures of height (p < 0.001, ES = 0.127), body mass (p.002, ES = 0.076), and estimated age of PHV (p < 0.001, ES = 0.612). No significant differences were found between age groups for any of the physical fitness tests except for the YoYoIR1, where a significant difference was found between the U14 and U18 age groups (p.029, η2p = 0.048). These findings may assist coaches to better understand female athletic development, provide insight on talent identification and development programmes, and provide reference data when working with this cohort so that realistic and attainable training goals can be achieved.
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(This article belongs to the Section Adolescent Health and Mental Health)
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Effect of Adolescent Health Policies on Health Outcomes in India
Adolescents 2023, 3(4), 613-624; https://doi.org/10.3390/adolescents3040043 - 07 Oct 2023
Abstract
Adolescence is a crucial phase marked by significant physical, psychological, emotional, and social changes. India has the world’s largest adolescent population. Understanding and addressing their health needs is vital for the nation’s social, political, and economic progress. The primary aim of this study
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Adolescence is a crucial phase marked by significant physical, psychological, emotional, and social changes. India has the world’s largest adolescent population. Understanding and addressing their health needs is vital for the nation’s social, political, and economic progress. The primary aim of this study was to evaluate the main adolescent health policies and strategies implemented from 2006 to 2020 and analyze the outcomes for adolescent health in India. To achieve this objective, the research adopted a mixed-method approach, combining qualitative and quantitative analyses of health policies, strategies, and programs implemented since 2005. Additionally, data from the most recent three Demographic Health Surveys (DHSs) were analyzed and compared to assess changes in adolescent health indicators after implementing these policies/strategies. The findings focused on India’s major adolescent health policies, namely the Adolescent Reproductive and Sexual Health (ARSH) Strategy2005, Rashtriya Kishor Swasthya Karyakram (RKSK) 2014, and the School Health Program 2020. All the strategies and programs aim to provide a comprehensive framework for sexual and reproductive health services, expand the scope of adolescent health programming, and address various health aspects. The analysis highlighted strengths in targeted interventions, monitoring, and promotion but weaknesses in awareness, societal barriers, and healthcare worker participation. Opportunities include female-friendly clinics and education about early pregnancy, while addressing substance abuse and training volunteers remain challenges. Family planning has improved with higher contraception usage and a decline in unmet needs. The incidence of violence decreased, and positive health behaviors increased, such as condom use. However, challenges remain, including limited access to health services, concerns about female providers, and low health insurance coverage. Nutrition indicators showed a slight increase in overweight/obesity and anemia rates. In conclusion, progress has been made, but certain adolescent health aspects still require attention. Further efforts are needed to achieve universal health coverage and improve adolescent health outcomes. Conducting targeted awareness campaigns, strengthening health worker and NGO engagement, and combating the increasing prevalence of overweight and obesity among adolescents are recommended.
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(This article belongs to the Section Adolescent Policy and Programmes)
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Purpose and Mattering as Dimensions of Meaning for Young People in Residential Care from Romania
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Adolescents 2023, 3(4), 594-612; https://doi.org/10.3390/adolescents3040042 - 01 Oct 2023
Abstract
The study follows the interaction between the individual and the social context regarding the development of adolescents protected in residential houses from the child protection system in Iasi County, Romania. Starting from the evidence that in situations of providing relatively identical material and
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The study follows the interaction between the individual and the social context regarding the development of adolescents protected in residential houses from the child protection system in Iasi County, Romania. Starting from the evidence that in situations of providing relatively identical material and social resources, the results obtained by these children vary greatly, we examine how the meaning (understood mainly as purpose and mattering) can constitute a developmental resource. Considering theoretical models and previous research, the study aims to describe, through a qualitative approach, how these young people see themselves and the external environment (family and residential care), how they project their future (their purpose and objectives), and how these constructions and perceptions can influence their quality of life and social integration. We conducted three focus groups with 35 young people (the ages 13–21) protected in and for different periods in residential houses (period 1–20 years). The results highlighted that a specific meaning is reconfigured as compensatory when affected by a trauma or adverse external event and thus can be a resource for resilience. On the other hand, the research highlighted that the existence of goals alone is insufficient to generate action, and the unrealistic meanings given to own persons, experiences, and resources can be dangerous because it risks accentuating some social vulnerabilities of these young people.
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(This article belongs to the Section Adolescent Policy and Programmes)
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Late Adolescents’ Texting Experiences with Family: Mixed-Method Analysis for Understanding Themes and Sentiments
Adolescents 2023, 3(3), 581-593; https://doi.org/10.3390/adolescents3030041 - 09 Sep 2023
Abstract
(1) Background: Texting is a prevalent communication method between late adolescents and their families that has implications for their relationships and well-being. This study used mixed-method analysis to understand what late adolescents, specifically college students, text their families about (i.e., themes), and how
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(1) Background: Texting is a prevalent communication method between late adolescents and their families that has implications for their relationships and well-being. This study used mixed-method analysis to understand what late adolescents, specifically college students, text their families about (i.e., themes), and how they feel about their family texting experiences (i.e., sentiments). (2) Methods: Our analyses used text transcripts of semi-structured individual interviews from 19 college students (aged 18–22 years, 13 female, 10 students of color), with 357 sentences/passages coded in total. (3) Results: Inductive content analysis revealed four themes: emotional support, relationship maintenance, conflict, and difficult conversations. Quantitative sentiment analysis revealed the highest level of positive sentiment attached to emotional support, and the highest level of negative sentiment attached to difficult conversations. The interviews that covered more conflict-based themes tended to have higher positive and negative sentiments. Differences between participants texting with their mothers and fathers were also revealed. (4) Conclusions: This research advances the understanding, in terms of both content and emotions, of the texting interactions with family members among late adolescents, along with providing methodological contributions, by highlighting the utility of the mixed-method analysis of interview data.
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Sexuality and Mental Health of Pakistani-Descent Adolescent Girls living in Canada: Perceptions and Recommendations
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, , , , and
Adolescents 2023, 3(3), 564-580; https://doi.org/10.3390/adolescents3030040 - 04 Sep 2023
Abstract
In Canada, the demands of female immigrant adolescents in terms of sexual health are largely unmet and have grown significantly in recent years. According to studies, racialized immigrant adolescents are less likely than non-immigrant adolescents to be knowledgeable about sexual and reproductive health
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In Canada, the demands of female immigrant adolescents in terms of sexual health are largely unmet and have grown significantly in recent years. According to studies, racialized immigrant adolescents are less likely than non-immigrant adolescents to be knowledgeable about sexual and reproductive health and to use resources for sex education and related services. This difference seems to be related to socio-cultural and religious practices in Pakistani immigrant adolescents. This paper intends to explain the viewpoints of female adolescents of first- or second-generation Pakistani descent who reside in Canada with regard to their development of sexuality and psychological well-being. Moreover, this paper also describes how female adolescents perceive the necessity to support their sexuality as they go through the adolescent stage. Individual interviews and timelines were created using qualitative interpretative descriptive design. We included 21 female adolescents of first- or second-generation Pakistani ethnicity using a purposive sample. Data analysis was performed using a thematic analysis. The findings indicate that immigrant adolescent girls received conflicting messages about sexuality from their parents which impacted their psychological well-being. Additionally, survey participants noted that prejudice, exclusion from sex education classes, and a lack of sexual health information contributed to social isolation, health care avoidance, and poor mental health outcomes like melancholy and anxiety among adolescent girls. The absence of sexuality-related communication with parents and the scarcity of medical professionals who can relate to and address the needs and realities of immigrants may have an impact on the participants’ experiences. Female immigrant girls also spoke up on the need for open, honest, and stigma-free conversations as well as for the need to end the taboo around the subject of sexuality. This study used principles from both intersectionality and postmodern feminist theories to increase our understanding of the interplay between the experiences of developing sexuality and overall well-being in female immigrant adolescents of Pakistani descent. It is crucial to involve, listen to, and incorporate female adolescents’ voices when planning and implementing interventions to support healthy sexuality among immigrant adolescents.
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue Gender Equity and Girls’ Health)
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The Association between Adolescents’ Experiences of Close Relatives Having Severe Health Conditions and Their Own Mental Health—A Population-Based School Study
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and
Adolescents 2023, 3(3), 550-563; https://doi.org/10.3390/adolescents3030039 - 01 Sep 2023
Cited by 1
Abstract
Adolescents with close relatives having severe health conditions or who have died (RSHC) are vulnerable, and this has long-term influences on their lives and health. This study investigated how adolescents with RSHC experiences reported having poor mental health and protective factors and the
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Adolescents with close relatives having severe health conditions or who have died (RSHC) are vulnerable, and this has long-term influences on their lives and health. This study investigated how adolescents with RSHC experiences reported having poor mental health and protective factors and the combined influence of these compared to their peers who had not had these experiences. A cross-sectional school-based survey among students aged 15–18 years (N = 3410) in Sörmland, Sweden, was used to analyse the association between poor mental health and experiences from having one or several RSHC experiences with physical illness, mental illness, or substance abuse/gambling disorder, as well as having relatives who have died. Logistic regression models were performed, adjusting for background factors, and protective factors against poor mental health related to school, home relations, safety in everyday life, and lifestyle were assessed. Adolescents with one RSHC experience had an OR of 1.45 (95% CI: 1.23–1.72) for poor mental health, and those with several RSHC experiences had an OR of 2.35 (95% CI: 1.94–2.84) compared to those with no RSHC experiences. The greatest OR for poor mental health was seen among adolescents with the combination of several RSHC experiences and few protective factors against poor mental health (18.83; 95% CI: 11.86–29.91). Adolescents with RSHC experiences have increased odds of poor mental health compared to adolescents without these experiences, especially those with several RSHC experiences and few protective factors. When meeting adolescents with RSHC experiences, supporting their key protective factors may play an important role in improving mental health.
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(This article belongs to the Section Adolescent Health and Mental Health)
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Parental Dieting and Correlation with Disordered Eating Behaviours in Adolescents: A Narrative Review
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Adolescents 2023, 3(3), 538-549; https://doi.org/10.3390/adolescents3030038 - 01 Sep 2023
Abstract
Adolescent eating disorders and disordered eating behaviours appear to be a growing public health concern. The aetiology of these conditions is complex, as many different factors contribute to their development. Among them, family factors such as parenting styles and comments regarding weight coming
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Adolescent eating disorders and disordered eating behaviours appear to be a growing public health concern. The aetiology of these conditions is complex, as many different factors contribute to their development. Among them, family factors such as parenting styles and comments regarding weight coming from family members are considered critical and are extensively researched. However, the impact of parental dieting has received less attention. A literature review was conducted in order to examine the relationship between parental engagement in weight-reduction dieting and their adolescent offspring’s disordered eating behaviours. The review was conducted in three databases (PubMed, Scopus and Google Scholar) regarding the period between January 2000 and May 2023. The initial search retrieved 339 abstracts, and 113 full reports were evaluated for eligibility. Six studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria and were included in the final literature review. A number of studies indicated that adolescents whose parents were engaged in dieting in order to lose weight are more likely to showcase disordered eating behaviours. However, research regarding this relationship is very scarce. More studies on the link between parental eating and dieting habits and the risk of disordered eating in adolescents are required. Moreover, parents should be informed regarding the possible risks when they choose to follow weight-loss diets and the importance of adopting healthy eating and weight-control habits for the whole family.
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(This article belongs to the Section Emerging and Contemporary Issue in Adolescence)
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“I Can Do Anything if I’ve Overcome That”: A Collaborative Case Study of an Adolescent with Symptoms of Lyme Disease in Canada
Adolescents 2023, 3(3), 524-537; https://doi.org/10.3390/adolescents3030037 - 28 Aug 2023
Abstract
This qualitative case study explored the experiences of one Canadian adolescent with symptom-persistent Lyme disease. Lyme disease is the most prevalent vector-borne illness in North America, and infection rates are rising across Canada. Peak incidence occurs in children aged 5–9 years, making it
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This qualitative case study explored the experiences of one Canadian adolescent with symptom-persistent Lyme disease. Lyme disease is the most prevalent vector-borne illness in North America, and infection rates are rising across Canada. Peak incidence occurs in children aged 5–9 years, making it a significant childhood infectious disease. This involves collaboration with an adolescent with symptom-persistent Lyme disease in Canada to address a gap in the literature. This empirical research was guided by the central research question: “What is the experience of an adolescent with symptom-persistent Lyme disease in Canada?” The purpose of this study was to understand the unique experiences of symptom-persistent Lyme disease in Canada by emphasizing one adolescent’s unique voice. The findings of this case study demonstrate the challenges this adolescent faced in receiving appropriate diagnosis and treatment for Lyme disease, pointing to a need for increased awareness among health professionals regarding the impact and prevalence of tick-borne illnesses for young people, their caregivers, and their healthcare providers. Additional findings suggest that collaborative healthcare may be beneficial for patients with symptom-persistent Lyme disease, and health researchers should continue to engage young people to ensure accurate representation of their experiences.
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(This article belongs to the Section Adolescent Health and Mental Health)
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Open AccessFeature PaperMore Editor’s choice articles in journal Adolescents.">Editor’s ChoiceReview
Critical Review: Secondary School Climate and Adolescents’ Emotional Well-Being
Adolescents 2023, 3(3), 508-523; https://doi.org/10.3390/adolescents3030036 - 14 Aug 2023
Abstract
The social and emotional health of adolescents is increasingly a concern worldwide. To date, there remains a lack of research on how school climate influences adolescents’ learning experiences and their social and emotional health. To address this gap in the literature, this critical
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The social and emotional health of adolescents is increasingly a concern worldwide. To date, there remains a lack of research on how school climate influences adolescents’ learning experiences and their social and emotional health. To address this gap in the literature, this critical review addresses the role that the school climate plays in an adolescent’s school life and emotional well-being. This article takes a critical approach and outlines the key issues in research on the secondary school climate in the digital and real-life sense and the implications for adolescent’s well-being. We first outline the definitional and methodological issues regarding research on school climate in adolescence. We then outline why mental health is a key issue for adolescents across the globe and conclude with a list of implications for theory, research, and practice. Thus, this article builds on past, current, and ongoing research on adolescents’ emotional well-being and school climate across the globe. The article provides new directions and recommendations for future research on inclusive educational philosophies and positive psychology and suggestions for practice aimed to best support adolescents’ learning experience and mental well-being.
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(This article belongs to the Section Adolescent Health and Mental Health)
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The Right to Leave: Dissolution of Child, Early, and Forced Marriages and Unions
Adolescents 2023, 3(3), 490-507; https://doi.org/10.3390/adolescents3030035 - 09 Aug 2023
Abstract
Global interest in child, early, and forced marriage and unions (CEFMU) is reflected in a large and growing body of research and interventions. Those interventions have focused on raising the minimum age of marriage, establishing laws and penalties for those who ignore these
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Global interest in child, early, and forced marriage and unions (CEFMU) is reflected in a large and growing body of research and interventions. Those interventions have focused on raising the minimum age of marriage, establishing laws and penalties for those who ignore these minimums, investing more heavily in girls’ education, addressing structural inequalities, and bringing about gender and social norm change. Missing has been any discussion of the right to leave marriage. As we learn more about the forces that drive child marriages and unions and what works to prevent them, rare is any mention of how these marriages sometimes end and what happens when they do. Human rights standards focus on the ability to choose “if, when, and whom to marry”. We posit that without the ability to decide if and when to leave marriage, marriage cannot be considered a choice. This paper explores why the right to leave marriage matters so deeply, describes the obstacles to girls’ access to divorce and to protections after divorce or separation, and links these to the factors that drive child, early, and forced marriages and unions.
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue Gender Equity and Girls’ Health)
Open AccessFeature PaperMore Editor’s choice articles in journal Adolescents.">Editor’s ChoiceArticle
Witnessing Sexual Harassment and Associated Substance Use and Poor Mental Health Outcomes among Adolescent Girls in the US
by
, , , , , , and
Adolescents 2023, 3(3), 478-489; https://doi.org/10.3390/adolescents3030034 - 02 Aug 2023
Abstract
Direct experiences of sexual harassment have been found to be associated with substance use and poor mental health among girls. Indirect experiences, such as witnessing the sexual harassment of others, may be indicative of a climate supportive of sexual harassment against girls and
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Direct experiences of sexual harassment have been found to be associated with substance use and poor mental health among girls. Indirect experiences, such as witnessing the sexual harassment of others, may be indicative of a climate supportive of sexual harassment against girls and elicit similar adverse outcomes. The current study sought to assess reports of witnessing sexual harassment and associations with substance use and mental heath outcomes among adolescent girls. The data were from questionnaires among girls (n = 152) ages 15–19 recruited from a health clinic serving a low-resource community in San Diego County. Using crude and adjusted regression models, we assessed witnessing the sexual harassment of girls (past year) as well as the frequency of witnessing such acts in relation to substance use, anxiety, depression, and suicidal ideation. The adjusted models included demographics and direct experiences of sexual harassment (past 6 months) as covariates. The participants had an average age of 17, and 76% were Latina. The majority (70%) reported witnessing sexual harassment (past year); 65% reported directly experiencing sexual harassment (past 6 months). Among those reporting witnessing, most witnessed sexual harassment at school (69%), at a party (45%), in their neighborhood (34%), or on public transport (33%). In adjusted logistic regression models, witnessing sexual harassment was significantly associated with past 30-day alcohol use, ever using drugs, feeling depressed (past 30 days), feeling anxious (past 30 days), and past-year suicidal ideation (ORs range 2.9–18.2). The findings suggest that, in addition to direct experiences of sexual harassment, indirect experiences of witnessing the sexual harassment of others may also be associated with negative outcomes regarding girls’ health and well-being.
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(This article belongs to the Collection Featured Research in Adolescent Health)
Open AccessReview
Variables Associated with Ultra-Processed Foods Consumption among Brazilian Adolescents: A Systematic Review
by
, , , , , , , and
Adolescents 2023, 3(3), 467-477; https://doi.org/10.3390/adolescents3030033 - 31 Jul 2023
Abstract
Background: Considering its deleterious effects on health, as well as the importance of information to support actions, strategies, and public policies, the present study was developed, aiming at identifying and classifying the main variables associated with ultra-processed foods consumption in Brazilian adolescents. Data
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Background: Considering its deleterious effects on health, as well as the importance of information to support actions, strategies, and public policies, the present study was developed, aiming at identifying and classifying the main variables associated with ultra-processed foods consumption in Brazilian adolescents. Data sources: Targeting observational studies involving samples of Brazilian adolescents (11 to 19 years old), which evaluated possible associations between the consumption of ultra-processed foods and individual, interpersonal, environmental, and public policy variables, in October 2022, a systematic review was conducted, consulting electronic databases (Lilacs, Pubmed, Scielo, Scopus, and Web of Science), Google Scholar, and the reference lists of included articles. Data synthesis: The descriptive synthesis consisted of 11 papers, representing nine original studies. The main variables identified were: sedentary behavior (specially screen time), studying at a private school, having a higher body mass index, and being female. Conclusions: Based on this evidence, it is important to direct actions, strategies, and public policies aimed at confronting the consumption of ultra-processed foods for these groups.
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(This article belongs to the Section Adolescent Health Behaviors)
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