Journal Description
Architecture
Architecture
is an international, peer-reviewed, open access journal on studies related to architectural research published quarterly online by MDPI.
- Open Access— free for readers, with article processing charges (APC) paid by authors or their institutions.
- Rapid Publication: manuscripts are peer-reviewed and a first decision is provided to authors approximately 26.4 days after submission; acceptance to publication is undertaken in 4.5 days (median values for papers published in this journal in the second half of 2023).
- Recognition of Reviewers: APC discount vouchers, optional signed peer review, and reviewer names published annually in the journal.
- Architecture is a companion journal of Buildings and Sustainability.
Latest Articles
The Contribution of Typological Studies to the Integrated Rehabilitation of Traditional Buildings: Heritage Enhancement of Urban Centres in Inner Alentejo, Portugal
Architecture 2024, 4(1), 35-45; https://doi.org/10.3390/architecture4010004 - 05 Jan 2024
Abstract
The urban centres of inland Alentejo (southern Portugal) have long faced a depopulation crisis which, besides undermining the cohesion of the communities, compromises the conservation of the architectural heritage. The tendency to apply the discourses on tourism and population pressures from coastal cities
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The urban centres of inland Alentejo (southern Portugal) have long faced a depopulation crisis which, besides undermining the cohesion of the communities, compromises the conservation of the architectural heritage. The tendency to apply the discourses on tourism and population pressures from coastal cities to these inland territories can be detrimental to their analysis given the sheer difference in demographic dynamics. Transformations in traditional architecture—a key facet for defining these historic urban landscapes—require analysing within this social context. The imperative need to rehabilitate traditional buildings, endowing them with the living conditions communities today require, must be guided by morphological analysis, knowledge of housing history, typologies, and traditional construction techniques. This rehabilitation concept integrates into the transformation processes that traditional architecture has been undergoing for centuries, constituting adaptable and flexible structures across their organisational variants, which should be studied through a prospective approach. The article characterises the transformation of urban domestic architecture in the region, from the early modern period to the present. The results of various research projects are summarised, gathering over 500 cases. The conclusion argues that the historical process itself results in a set of themes, tools, and opportunities for these buildings’ adaptation to current needs.
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue Conservation of Architectural Heritage. New Urban Perspectives: Conceptual, Methodological, Technical and Management Advances)
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Analysis of Touristification Processes in Historic Town Centers: The City of Seville
Architecture 2024, 4(1), 24-34; https://doi.org/10.3390/architecture4010003 - 31 Dec 2023
Abstract
Encouraged by the administration, the gen9otrification process has been useful in economic terms for the reactivation of the socio-cultural fabrics of historic urban spaces in decline. What was initially considered an advantage has led to the touristification of historic centers, and in turn
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Encouraged by the administration, the gen9otrification process has been useful in economic terms for the reactivation of the socio-cultural fabrics of historic urban spaces in decline. What was initially considered an advantage has led to the touristification of historic centers, and in turn to the alteration of their original use. In these settings, the demographic void caused by increasingly shunning local identity has combined with pressure from excessive tourism and the obsolescence of heritage protection bodies in charge of conservation. Given the crisis affecting the definitions of the current system, this study aims to review the environmental agents of heritage value in relation to the processes of touristification and gentrification. Data obtained from different methodologies are analyzed using a multidisciplinary database, a model which enables the analysis of the relevant information from the different interacting fields. This case study focuses on the historic town center of Seville, specifically between 2015 and 2020. Elements are defined as indicators for these processes and the analysis of this case study will comprise the main results of this research.
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue Conservation of Architectural Heritage. New Urban Perspectives: Conceptual, Methodological, Technical and Management Advances)
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Open AccessArticle
Spatial Transformation—The Importance of a Bottom-Up Approach in Creating Authentic Public Spaces
Architecture 2024, 4(1), 14-23; https://doi.org/10.3390/architecture4010002 - 22 Dec 2023
Abstract
This study explores the integration of phenomenology in urban placemaking, focusing on the Ghobeiry neighborhood in Beirut. By examining the transformation of a public garden through a phenomenological lens, this research highlights the impact of a bottom-up approach in urban design. The methodology
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This study explores the integration of phenomenology in urban placemaking, focusing on the Ghobeiry neighborhood in Beirut. By examining the transformation of a public garden through a phenomenological lens, this research highlights the impact of a bottom-up approach in urban design. The methodology combines a literature review with empirical data gathered from interviews and observations within the community. The findings indicate that the initial top-down development of the public garden failed to resonate with residents, leading to its neglect. However, a shift towards community engagement, initiated by a local social activist, encouraged a sense of ownership and transformed the space into a vibrant, meaningful area. This study contributes to urban planning literature by demonstrating the practical application of phenomenological principles, emphasizing the importance of community involvement in creating authentic urban spaces. It underscores the need for inclusive, participatory approaches in urban development, offering insights into the transformative potential of engaging local narratives and experiences.
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Future of Built Heritage Conservation)
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Open AccessReview
A Vertical City Park Model for Promoting Physical Activity and Sports Practice in People of All Ages
by
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Architecture 2024, 4(1), 1-13; https://doi.org/10.3390/architecture4010001 - 20 Dec 2023
Abstract
(1) Background: Modern society is characterized by urbanization and an increase in noncommunicable diseases. Governments frequently adopt policies to intervene in this regard; however, they are not always successful. Parks are an easy and feasible health intervention, but they are not always present
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(1) Background: Modern society is characterized by urbanization and an increase in noncommunicable diseases. Governments frequently adopt policies to intervene in this regard; however, they are not always successful. Parks are an easy and feasible health intervention, but they are not always present in cities due to a lack of space. Considering the above aspects, the present study aims to analyze the scientific literature on this topic to provide a city park model versatile in different urban contexts. (2) Methods: A review of the scientific literature on this topic is performed to discover building models designed to replace/flank urban parks. (3) Results: No such articles are found in the scientific literature. The proposed model is a vertical city park. It is a modular structure designed to be adaptable to the urban context. It includes parks, sports fields, and fitness centers in a green and healthy environment. (4) Conclusions: In the scientific literature, there are no mentions of city park models. Consequently, a design model is proposed. This model for a vertical city park can be an instrument for a population-based health program. This solution has the potential to be feasible and economical, thereby giving the community a more easy-to-adopt instrument.
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Built Environments and Human Wellbeing)
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Unpacking Shifts of Spatial Attributes and Typologies of Urban Identity in Heritage Assessment Post COVID-19 Using Chinatown, Melbourne, as a Case Study
Architecture 2023, 3(4), 753-772; https://doi.org/10.3390/architecture3040041 - 06 Dec 2023
Abstract
Many studies acknowledge the significance of assessment frameworks for urban heritage sites in preserving their identities. Due to the pandemic and its impact on heritage sites and visitors, the spatial features and identities of many heritage sites have undergone inevitable shifts, challenging the
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Many studies acknowledge the significance of assessment frameworks for urban heritage sites in preserving their identities. Due to the pandemic and its impact on heritage sites and visitors, the spatial features and identities of many heritage sites have undergone inevitable shifts, challenging the current assessment frameworks. As numerous urban heritage sites are being revitalised post COVID-19, this study aims to explore how heritage-assessment frameworks can be adapted during the pandemic to sustainably capture the identity of urban heritage sites, particularly from a spatial perspective. Methodologically, the study first examines existing urban-heritage-assessment frameworks, including typologies, embedded spatial attributes, and analysis methods, through a literature review. The research adopts the methodology framework for collecting and assessing evidence to demonstrate the cultural significance outlined in the ‘Guidance on identifying place and object of state-level social value in Victoria’ under Criterion G by the Heritage Council of Victoria. Chinatown, Melbourne, serves as the case study to address the research questions, utilising qualitative data from archival review and field observation. The results highlight the shortcomings of current heritage assessments, particularly in urban contexts, emphasising the overlooked importance of spatial attributes for understanding urban identity. This is exemplified by the exacerbated identity crisis in Chinatown, Melbourne, during the COVID-19 pandemic. Therefore, the study recommends future heritage assessments incorporate spatial attributes with a thematic approach tailored to diverse cultural-heritage backgrounds in the post-pandemic era. The study acknowledges the sample size and encourages future studies to test the framework with case studies of varied backgrounds.
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Built Environments and Human Wellbeing)
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Landscape Urbanism—Retrospective on Development, Basic Principles and Application
Architecture 2023, 3(4), 739-752; https://doi.org/10.3390/architecture3040040 - 23 Nov 2023
Abstract
The urban and landscape professions of the 21st century are developing diverse theoretical and practical models that they apply in solving the problems of the modern city. One of these models is landscape urbanism, which can be understood as a newer way of
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The urban and landscape professions of the 21st century are developing diverse theoretical and practical models that they apply in solving the problems of the modern city. One of these models is landscape urbanism, which can be understood as a newer way of looking at the city and its infrastructure again, incorporating the relationship between the city and nature, and ecological and landscape principles into its fundamental core. In a theoretical but also a practical sense, it suggests new modalities that are considered to be able to contribute to the current problems of modern cities, especially those related to the ecology of the city. By reviewing the development stages, methodological framework and practical applications, this paper determines the potentials and limitations of the concept of landscape urbanism and suggests modalities of application in the modern city.
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Landscape of Sustainable Cities: Emerging Futures)
Open AccessArticle
The Potential of Green Engineering Solutions for Energy Conservation in Residential Buildings Towards Sustainability: A Case Study of Saudi Arabia
by
and
Architecture 2023, 3(4), 713-738; https://doi.org/10.3390/architecture3040039 - 22 Nov 2023
Cited by 1
Abstract
Developing countries in hot climate regions such as Saudi Arabia have witnessed rapid population growth, which has led to greater resource consumption as a result of the increased demand for new buildings. This research proposes a multi-objective evaluation of the potential green engineering
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Developing countries in hot climate regions such as Saudi Arabia have witnessed rapid population growth, which has led to greater resource consumption as a result of the increased demand for new buildings. This research proposes a multi-objective evaluation of the potential green engineering solutions to conserve energy using a building within the ROSHN housing project, which is one of the mega projects in Saudi Arabia, as a case study for this paper with the aid of simulation software, taking into consideration the context of the sustainability concept. The results showed that traditional passive architectural design, whether courtyards or Mashrabiya, had the nearly greatest influence, with percentages ranging from −4% to −5.15% for varied parameters and designs compared to the base case energy usage. Furthermore, energy efficiency solutions for the building envelope’s external insulation and finish system (EIFS) enabled a drop in the U-value that lowered energy usage to −5.40%. However, the wall insulation thickness beyond 300 mm in this system has no substantial influence on energy savings. This research’s most clear finding is that a P2P system for PV panels on a district scale can supply enough energy to meet its needs after implementing the optimal strategy of the other proposed solutions.
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(This article belongs to the Topic Building Energy and Environment, 2nd Volume)
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Housing Experimentation and Design Guides: Affordable Housing in Guangzhou since 2006
by
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Architecture 2023, 3(4), 692-712; https://doi.org/10.3390/architecture3040038 - 20 Nov 2023
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This paper examines the recent growth of government-led affordable housing in Guangzhou, addressing a paucity of global housing studies that explore experimental and contextual policy approaches in China. It also addresses the lack of Chinese housing studies recognizing the impact of housing design
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This paper examines the recent growth of government-led affordable housing in Guangzhou, addressing a paucity of global housing studies that explore experimental and contextual policy approaches in China. It also addresses the lack of Chinese housing studies recognizing the impact of housing design governance, including regulatory controls and design standards, on housing preferences, supply and lifestyles. Since 1995, the supply of affordable housing has surged, now surpassing that of market housing for the first time. This response to failures in the private housing market and a lack of equitable access to housing signifies a significant shift, acknowledging the need to re-establish a state-led and long-term public housing supply after decades of housing marketization. Employing an architectural design research perspective, this paper investigates the interplay between affordable housing supply and the emergence of housing standards, examining resulting housing design outcomes. It poses the question: What changes in housing policy and interventions in housing markets are necessary to increase public rental housing supply, and how do these changes affect housing outcomes? The paper explores these questions through a discussion of the key moments in affordable housing policy and housing estate development in Guangzhou that facilitated the creation of widely accessible public housing and long-term housing assets. This provides new insights into China’s unique approach to translating central government social welfare and housing policy through contextual design experimentation and pilot housing projects, departing from the conventional top-down policy implementation found in most other countries.
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The Theory of Value and the Understanding of Authenticity: Keys to Intervening in Heritage Spaces: Results in the Case of San Telmo Palace (Seville 17th–21st Century, Spain)
Architecture 2023, 3(4), 681-691; https://doi.org/10.3390/architecture3040037 - 13 Nov 2023
Abstract
The cultural theory of heritage assets that was consolidated throughout the 20th century, and is still in force today, lies in the modulation of the concept of authenticity. It is a nomadic, controversial concept that has adapted to the spirit of the times.
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The cultural theory of heritage assets that was consolidated throughout the 20th century, and is still in force today, lies in the modulation of the concept of authenticity. It is a nomadic, controversial concept that has adapted to the spirit of the times. This review of the concept, drawing on international reference texts and charters in the field of heritage, allows us to specify a working process that facilitates its consideration in characterisation processes. To do so, case studies of significant cultural assets in terms of scale and complexity will be presented as resources. Through the implementation of the Theory of Value, the keys will be provided: criteria and methodology for intervening in heritage. This journey will be reflected more slowly in the study of the Palace of San Telmo (Seville, 17th–21st century). This is a building with a controversial material history, in which a series of attributions of value have been transmitted that correlate both with the theory of the conservation of cultural assets and with social appreciation and the criteria. This is the way to materially undertake a reflection on the authenticity of this heritage. This study provides the keys to intervening, conserving the values identified, and recognising authenticity as a reality that is constructed through the process and through the passage of time. A methodology that allows us to consider the capacity to continue and replace heritage as a project strategy in which what is yet to come can take place.
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue Conservation of Architectural Heritage. New Urban Perspectives: Conceptual, Methodological, Technical and Management Advances)
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Open AccessOpinion
The Architecture of Expectation
by
Architecture 2023, 3(4), 671-680; https://doi.org/10.3390/architecture3040036 - 03 Nov 2023
Abstract
Humans have been described as a “forward-looking” species in more than simply physiological terms. We are, it seems, unusually concerned with the future. This essay explores how built environments can be designed to evoke positive anticipation of future events. It suggests that there
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Humans have been described as a “forward-looking” species in more than simply physiological terms. We are, it seems, unusually concerned with the future. This essay explores how built environments can be designed to evoke positive anticipation of future events. It suggests that there are three primary means of achieving this: (1) the visible display of valued resources, (2) signs of readiness, and (3) views that encourage mental exploration. It is observed that while resources tend to elicit hope of their future use, readiness and visual prospects seem to evoke a more general sense of optimism. Given the large proportion of our lives that most of us now spend in buildings, it is suggested that these design strategies might be helpful in maintaining and improving occupant morale in the indoor spaces where we live and work, and even more so for those who, for one reason or another, are unable to venture out.
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue Time in Built Spaces)
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Collaborative Mapping as a Tool for Citizen Participation: A Case of Cultural Heritage Management in Rural Areas
Architecture 2023, 3(4), 658-670; https://doi.org/10.3390/architecture3040035 - 24 Oct 2023
Abstract
The role of citizens in the construction of knowledge is undergoing a clear transformation from a passive position, as mere observers and/or receivers, to an increasingly participatory role. This issue, which is directly related to governance policies as well as to the ICT
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The role of citizens in the construction of knowledge is undergoing a clear transformation from a passive position, as mere observers and/or receivers, to an increasingly participatory role. This issue, which is directly related to governance policies as well as to the ICT revolution, can be seen in the field of cultural heritage and particularly architectural heritage management. The present paper aims to generate methodologies to involve citizens as active agents who must be involved in a real way in decision making concerning the protection and enhancement of cultural heritage. The results present the creation of a rural heritage interactive cartographic viewer as a collaborative mapping tool. The conclusions drawn position the citizens of rural, dispersed, or vulnerable areas as informers and builders of knowledge about the cultural and architectural heritage of their environment in terms of citizen science. At the same time, it strengthens the development of innovation strategies in the intervention, management, and communication of the existing dispersed heritage in rural areas.
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue Conservation of Architectural Heritage. New Urban Perspectives: Conceptual, Methodological, Technical and Management Advances)
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(De)Linking with the Past through Memorials
Architecture 2023, 3(4), 627-657; https://doi.org/10.3390/architecture3040034 - 09 Oct 2023
Abstract
Numerous examples of urban, architectural, and landscape projects indicate global and continuous interest in memorial design without a comparative study of their contextual similarities and differences. There is no clear terminological and conceptual framework of how memorials are designed nor if they are
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Numerous examples of urban, architectural, and landscape projects indicate global and continuous interest in memorial design without a comparative study of their contextual similarities and differences. There is no clear terminological and conceptual framework of how memorials are designed nor if they are perceived as diverse types of public places. This research combines multiple results of extensive and on-going research on memorials as places for people to reconnect with past events, circumstances, or persons, with the aim of building a theoretical and conceptual framework within the domain of architectural and urban design. The main question is how the design of memorials achieves remembrance as well as healing of both places and communities through conciliation, mediation, forgetting, learning, and planning new concepts for future urban development. The term (de)linking with the past is proposed for describing the importance of achieving these various memorial functions. The resulting dualistic conceptual framework of memorials includes eleven design principles based on models and methods of spatial interventions which can enable communities to move forward from traumatic events and negative emotions towards building a basis for a better future by learning from the past.
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue Time in Built Spaces)
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The Protection of the Historic City: The Case of the Surroundings of the Lonja de la Seda in Valencia (Spain), UNESCO World Heritage
Architecture 2023, 3(4), 596-626; https://doi.org/10.3390/architecture3040033 - 07 Oct 2023
Abstract
In geographical terms, historic cities possess an inertia in regard to the modification of urban function. This explains why buildings may change over time, but the location of the functions remains. For over a thousand years, the city of Valencia has concentrated the
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In geographical terms, historic cities possess an inertia in regard to the modification of urban function. This explains why buildings may change over time, but the location of the functions remains. For over a thousand years, the city of Valencia has concentrated the commercial activity of its historic centre around the building of the Lonja de la Seda, its surrounding buildings, and its adjacent spaces, streets and squares. Recent constructions coexist with centuries-old buildings, witnesses to the transformations of this urban enclave, which has retained its commercial function. Although the Lonja de la Seda was declared World Heritage by UNESCO in 1996, its surroundings, despite being of interest and closely linked to the protected building, were not. This article analyses the history and evolution of the built fabric and urban spaces of this complex, which represents the nerve centre for commerce in the city of Valencia. This text presents research based on studies carried out directly on the buildings in this context by the authors, as well as indirect examinations of documentation from the archives and the existing bibliography. The aim of this study is to showcase how combining material and documentary studies can lead to a broader definition of the tangible and intangible values of cultural heritage. This, in turn, could lead to the comprehensive enhancement of the historic city, where historic residential fabric and notable buildings are merely manifestations of the process for the construction of the city.
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Future of Built Heritage Conservation)
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Open AccessEditorial
Space and Time
by
Architecture 2023, 3(4), 593-595; https://doi.org/10.3390/architecture3040032 - 28 Sep 2023
Abstract
In 1972, the urban designer Kevin Lynch concluded the book What Time Is This Place [...]
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue Time in Built Spaces)
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Open AccessArticle
Lost in Translation: Tangible and Non-Tangible in Conservation
by
Architecture 2023, 3(3), 578-592; https://doi.org/10.3390/architecture3030031 - 21 Sep 2023
Abstract
This paper addresses the special issue theme of the response of conservation practice to shifts in heritage theory towards the intangible, through exploring some specific aspects of practice and statutory process in the UK. The paper starts with an overview of conservation in
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This paper addresses the special issue theme of the response of conservation practice to shifts in heritage theory towards the intangible, through exploring some specific aspects of practice and statutory process in the UK. The paper starts with an overview of conservation in the UK, and the extent to which it does or does not interface with developments in heritage theory. It explores the conventional understanding of significance—here termed ‘subtractive’—which reflects the antiquarian concerns from which conservation developed. It then considers the Ecclesiastical Exemption, a parallel consent mechanism within UK law for Christian places of worship that remain in use, which specifically recognises their need to change over time to ensure their survival. Evidence for a growing appreciation of non-tangible value and community participation in heritage is provided in recent research by The National Churches Trust into the economic and social value of church buildings to local communities across the UK. The paper concludes that a positive response to changes in heritage theory requires conservation to undertake its own theoretical work; this will involve a recognition of living buildings as central rather than peripheral both to conservation and to heritage more broadly, and a move towards a ‘generative’ understanding of significance.
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Future of Built Heritage Conservation)
Open AccessArticle
Analyzing the Role of Identity Elements and Features of Housing in Historical and Modern Architecture in Shaping Architectural Identity: The Case of Herat City
Architecture 2023, 3(3), 548-577; https://doi.org/10.3390/architecture3030030 - 19 Sep 2023
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Herat has a long and rich history of architecture and culture that has been shaped by many different historical and imperial periods. Since 2002, the city’s urban landscape has changed significantly due to a rapid rise in the city’s population and modern building
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Herat has a long and rich history of architecture and culture that has been shaped by many different historical and imperial periods. Since 2002, the city’s urban landscape has changed significantly due to a rapid rise in the city’s population and modern building processes. This has had a significant impact on the historical image and identity of Herat, as modern architecture has introduced identities that are not in harmony with the city’s environment, climate, and culture. This study conducts a comprehensive analysis of architectural identity characteristics to explore the role of traditional and modern architectural elements in forming Herat’s architectural identity. This research is based on primary and secondary sources including literature reviews, historical documents, case studies, and interviews with local architects and residents. The results indicate that Herat’s architectural identity is shaped by a multitude of factors, including its historical and cultural importance, the utilization of construction materials, the surrounding environmental conditions, architectural guidelines and expertise, political dynamics, and the preferences of both the architect and client. This study provides vital insights for architects, policy makers, and government agencies seeking to promote sustainable and culturally sensitive development in Herat’s dynamic architectural landscapes.
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Open AccessArticle
Borromini, the Casa dei Filippini and the Two-Way Relationship between Representation and Architectural Form
by
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Architecture 2023, 3(3), 528-547; https://doi.org/10.3390/architecture3030029 - 15 Sep 2023
Abstract
The stratified relationship and mutual influence between the representation of the project and the form of built architecture manifest above all in the facade design by virtue of its natural rhetorical vocation. This is the case of the Casa dei Filippini, designed by
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The stratified relationship and mutual influence between the representation of the project and the form of built architecture manifest above all in the facade design by virtue of its natural rhetorical vocation. This is the case of the Casa dei Filippini, designed by Francesco Borromini in the second quarter of the 17th century in Rome. The perspective niche in its façade appears to be a literal three-dimensional transcription of a graphic convention adopted in the presentation drawings. To understand the context and the reasons for this “translation”, this article historically frames the theme of the facade intended as a mask and its implicit representational qualities, which can configure it as an autonomous work from the building itself; it frames the interferences between architecture and its image in the era of the advent of pseudo-projective representation and the resistance it finds; it focuses on the facade of the Casa dei Filippini and its perspective niche, here surveyed and photo-modeled to determine the size and relationship between the actual and the perceived shape. Through these methodological and operational premises, the article reconstructs the original center of the façade deformation and analyzes the fictitious value of the facade, as testified by Borromini’s attempt to orient its perception through the drawings of his Opus Architectonicum and those derived from them, eventually confirming the two-way relationship between form and representation.
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cities’ and Landscapes’ Graphic Language)
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Open AccessConcept Paper
A Conceptual Framework for Integrating Terrestrial Laser Scanning (TLS) into the Historic American Buildings Survey (HABS)
Architecture 2023, 3(3), 505-527; https://doi.org/10.3390/architecture3030028 - 07 Sep 2023
Abstract
The preservation of historic structures is a complex and evolving field that requires a delicate balance between traditional methods and modern technology. This paper presents a conceptual framework for integrating terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) into the Historic American Buildings Survey (HABS), bridging the
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The preservation of historic structures is a complex and evolving field that requires a delicate balance between traditional methods and modern technology. This paper presents a conceptual framework for integrating terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) into the Historic American Buildings Survey (HABS), bridging the gap between the past and the future. By examining the historical context of the HABS and the emerging potential of TLS, the paper explores the feasibility, effectiveness, and methodological considerations for incorporating this advanced technology into the standard heritage building documentation practice. The research is structured into four main chapters, each addressing a critical aspect of the integration process, from the proposal of the study to the development of guidelines for TLS data acquisition, processing, and management. The paper also delves into the selection of projects for case studies, the application of the framework, and a critical evaluation of its effectiveness. As a conceptual paper, it lays the foundation for a Ph.D. dissertation, offering a comprehensive roadmap for future research and practical implementation. The insights and guidelines provided in this paper aim to enhance the accuracy, efficiency, and richness of heritage documentation, contributing to the broader field of heritage preservation and underscoring the importance of embracing technological advancements while honoring historical integrity.
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue Conservation of Architectural Heritage. New Urban Perspectives: Conceptual, Methodological, Technical and Management Advances)
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Open AccessArticle
How Buildings Relate—Classifying Architectural Interactions
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Architecture 2023, 3(3), 490-504; https://doi.org/10.3390/architecture3030027 - 29 Aug 2023
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In recent years, architectural interactions have become the center of many important reflections. However, there is little agreement on the subject. Some authors consider architecture to be about its relations with human and nonhuman agents. Others consider that buildings have an autonomous presence,
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In recent years, architectural interactions have become the center of many important reflections. However, there is little agreement on the subject. Some authors consider architecture to be about its relations with human and nonhuman agents. Others consider that buildings have an autonomous presence, which transcends all their interactions. These approaches are generally seen as incompatible. Although at the heart of the debate is the role of relations in architecture, their nature is not addressed. The discussion could gain clarity by recognizing the differences between them. In this paper, we propose a classification of architectural interactions, which may help to better inform further discussion on the topic. A closer look at architectural relations reveals that autonomy and relationality are not opposing, but complementary, aspects.
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Open AccessEssay
Notes towards a Definition of Adaptive Reuse
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Architecture 2023, 3(3), 477-489; https://doi.org/10.3390/architecture3030026 - 28 Aug 2023
Abstract
This essay will discuss the evolution of writings about adaptive reuse. The architectural practice is as old as the buildings themselves, yet it has scarcely been discussed or even recognised until relatively recently. The essay will document the varied influences that informed the
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This essay will discuss the evolution of writings about adaptive reuse. The architectural practice is as old as the buildings themselves, yet it has scarcely been discussed or even recognised until relatively recently. The essay will document the varied influences that informed the early publications (the first from 1976). The lack of easily available material (that is, books and documented buildings) meant that pioneering writers had to draw upon other sources—those beyond established architectural discussions. Therefore, these early authors were not limited by the strictures of an already established subject but were able to collate information from a variety of sources. Thus, adaptive reuse draws upon a collage of different sources, many beyond pure architecture, including installation art, fine art, curation, interior design, and urban design. Inevitably, as the subject moves from the periphery of architectural practice towards the middle ground, the number of publications has increased. This diversity has provided the subject with a greater scope, supporting the acknowledgement of the importance of technology, sustainability, and conservation in addition to ideas of heritage and culture, while also allowing for a much less Western-centric focus.
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Future of Built Heritage Conservation)
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Architecture
Domesticity Then and Now: Old Lessons and Contemporary Challenges for Dwelling Architecture
Guest Editor: Nicolas MarineDeadline: 31 March 2024
Special Issue in
Architecture
The Future of Built Heritage Conservation
Guest Editor: Johnathan DjabaroutiDeadline: 30 April 2024
Special Issue in
Architecture
Social Change and Everyday Life in the Spatial Arts
Guest Editors: Sabine Knierbein, Stefania RagozinoDeadline: 31 May 2024
Special Issue in
Architecture
The Landscape of Sustainable Cities: Emerging Futures
Guest Editor: Ken TammingaDeadline: 30 June 2024