MDPI - Publisher of Open Access Journals

4 pages, 3156 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Satellite Characterization of Methane Point Sources by Offshore Oil and Gas PlatForms

by

Adriana Valverde

,

Itziar Irakulis-Loitxate

,

Javier Roger

,

Javier Gorroño

and

Luis Guanter

Environ. Sci. Proc. 2023, 28(1), 22; https://doi.org/10.3390/environsciproc2023028022 - 12 Jan 2024

Viewed by 103

Abstract

Reducing methane, which is the second most important anthropogenic greenhouse gas after carbon dioxide, has been shown to be a good opportunity to mitigate global warming in the short to medium time. Remote sensing is nowadays a useful tool for the identification of [...] Read more.

Reducing methane, which is the second most important anthropogenic greenhouse gas after carbon dioxide, has been shown to be a good opportunity to mitigate global warming in the short to medium time. Remote sensing is nowadays a useful tool for the identification of anthropogenic emission from methane point sources. In this work, we will demonstrate the capability of high-resolution satellites to detect point sources of methane. Specifically, this study focuses on emissions from offshore oil and gas platforms using sun-glint mode acquisitions, as these platforms represent a significant fraction of total emissions and pose a challenging issue due to the low radiation from water. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of IV Conference on Geomatics Engineering)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

5 pages, 1248 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Reconstructing the Past of Magnetic Declination at the Real Observatorio de Madrid

by

Jose Manuel Tordesillas

,

Francisco Javier Pavón-Carrasco

and

Ana Belén Anquela

Environ. Sci. Proc. 2023, 28(1), 21; https://doi.org/10.3390/environsciproc2023028021 - 11 Jan 2024

Viewed by 74

Abstract

The agonic line, characterized by zero values of geomagnetic declination, has had a westward drift during the last centuries, crossing the location of the Real Observatorio de Madrid at the end of the year 2021. This fact, which was monitored by the Instituto [...] Read more.

The agonic line, characterized by zero values of geomagnetic declination, has had a westward drift during the last centuries, crossing the location of the Real Observatorio de Madrid at the end of the year 2021. This fact, which was monitored by the Instituto Geográfico Nacional, moves us to study the evolution of the magnetic declination in this emblematic emplacement between the last two crosses of the agonic line. Our results point out that the current westward drift started around the year 1810 and, before this period, the agonic line moved from west to east, crossing the location of the Real Observatorio around 1650–1675. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of IV Conference on Geomatics Engineering)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

7 pages, 6397 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Identification of Areas with Instability and Surface Deformation: Using Advanced Radar Interferometry in the Municipality of Fusagasugá, Colombia

by

Edier Fernando Ávila

,

Bibiana Royero Benavides

and

Gelberth Efren Amarillo

Environ. Sci. Proc. 2023, 28(1), 19; https://doi.org/10.3390/environsciproc2023028019 - 10 Jan 2024

Viewed by 64

Abstract

The municipality of Fusagasugá is located 50 kilometers from the city of Bogotá, Colombia, in the eastern cordillera of the Andes in South America. Due to its geographical location, a mountainous area with heights between 1000 and 2000 meters above sea level and [...] Read more.

The municipality of Fusagasugá is located 50 kilometers from the city of Bogotá, Colombia, in the eastern cordillera of the Andes in South America. Due to its geographical location, a mountainous area with heights between 1000 and 2000 meters above sea level and two rainy seasons a year, it is affected by processes of instability and surface deformations. The objective of the present investigation was to identify and quantify the displacement speeds of the zones affected by processes of instability and superficial deformation. In this study, 20 radar satellite images from the Sentinel-1 program were used in the SLC format between 30 January 2020 and 19 April 2022 in descending orbit, applying the Small Base Line (SBAS) technique. On the other hand, 21 SAR images were also used in descending orbit between 6 January 2020 and 14 December 2021, applying the persistent scatterers (PS) technique. With the above information, it was possible to map and update the data of the municipality of Fusagasugá in order to include them in the monitoring processes at the regional level. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of IV Conference on Geomatics Engineering)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

4 pages, 1884 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

The Improvement of Methane Plume Detection with High-Resolution Satellite-Based Imaging Spectrometers

by

Javier Roger

,

Itziar Irakulis-Loitxate

,

Javier Gorroño

,

Adriana Valverde

and

Luis Guanter

Environ. Sci. Proc. 2023, 28(1), 20; https://doi.org/10.3390/environsciproc2023028020 - 09 Jan 2024

Viewed by 91

Abstract

The detection and monitoring of methane anthropogenic emissions is of vital importance in order to curb global warming. Satellite-based imaging spectrometers, such as PRISMA and EnMAP, have proven instrumental in this task. Methane absorption features from the shortwave infrared spectral range (1000–2400 nm) [...] Read more.

The detection and monitoring of methane anthropogenic emissions is of vital importance in order to curb global warming. Satellite-based imaging spectrometers, such as PRISMA and EnMAP, have proven instrumental in this task. Methane absorption features from the shortwave infrared spectral range (1000–2400 nm) are exploited by algorithms such as the matched-filter. This method can correctly characterize methane plumes, but retrieval artifacts disturb methane plume detection when using only those spectral channels related to the methane absorption features. Retrievals from simulated plumes and real emission cases from PRISMA and EnMAP data cubes are used to demonstrate that using the whole shortwave infrared region in the matched-filter method results in a better plume detection. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of IV Conference on Geomatics Engineering)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

5 pages, 213 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Assessment of the Structure Gauge against Characteristic Cross Sections in the Trans-European Rail System

by

Ángel Luis Navarro

,

Jesús Velasco

and

Serafín Lopez-Cuervo

Environ. Sci. Proc. 2023, 28(1), 18; https://doi.org/10.3390/environsciproc2023028018 - 03 Jan 2024

Viewed by 150

Abstract

To achieve safety, accessibility, and technical compatibility in the operation of rail systems, technical specifications for interoperability are adopted to be complied with. This paper presents a study of the essential interoperability requirement ʺStructure Gaugeʺ within the framework of the regulations applicable to [...] Read more.

To achieve safety, accessibility, and technical compatibility in the operation of rail systems, technical specifications for interoperability are adopted to be complied with. This paper presents a study of the essential interoperability requirement ʺStructure Gaugeʺ within the framework of the regulations applicable to new, upgraded, or renewed infrastructure in the rail system within the European Union. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of IV Conference on Geomatics Engineering)

5 pages, 2233 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Computing and Sharing the Differential Deformation of the Ground at a Continental Level Using Public EGMS Data

by

Saeedeh Shahbazi

,

José A. Navarro

and

Anna Barra

Environ. Sci. Proc. 2023, 28(1), 17; https://doi.org/10.3390/environsciproc2023028017 - 02 Jan 2024

Viewed by 152

Abstract

The European Ground Motion Service (EGMS) monitors and measures land displacement on a European scale using Sentinel-1 data, providing reliable and consistent data on natural ground motion phenomena. The Geomatics Research Unit of the Center Tecnològic de Telecomunicacions de Catalunya (CTTC) is working [...] Read more.

The European Ground Motion Service (EGMS) monitors and measures land displacement on a European scale using Sentinel-1 data, providing reliable and consistent data on natural ground motion phenomena. The Geomatics Research Unit of the Center Tecnològic de Telecomunicacions de Catalunya (CTTC) is working on a project to generate wide-area differential deformation maps from EGMS basic products and make this information available to the public through a web server. The project involves configuring a self-hosted, low-cost web server using open-source tools; adapting the ADAfinder application to identify active deformation areas (ADAs); developing software pipelines to compute and convert deformation data; and developing a tailored web visor to display the results. Automation is crucial to the project’s success since it must handle a significant volume of data with millions of PS points and long processing durations. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of IV Conference on Geomatics Engineering)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

6 pages, 1779 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Rice Crop Yield Prediction from Sentinel-2 Imagery Using Phenological Metric

by

Javier A. Quille-Mamani

,

Luis A. Ruiz

and

Lía Ramos-Fernández

Environ. Sci. Proc. 2023, 28(1), 16; https://doi.org/10.3390/environsciproc2023028016 - 02 Jan 2024

Viewed by 258

Abstract

Crop yield prediction at plot scale is a vitally important magnitude for farmers at the socio-economic level. This study aims to quantify rice yield using phenological metrics from a normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) time series derived from Sentinel-2 imagery, with yield data [...] Read more.

Crop yield prediction at plot scale is a vitally important magnitude for farmers at the socio-economic level. This study aims to quantify rice yield using phenological metrics from a normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) time series derived from Sentinel-2 imagery, with yield data collected from 32 plots with an area of 36 ha in the Ferreñafe District of the Lambayeque region, Peru. Three different rice yield models were obtained, the best linear regression models were obtained for the SVM classification, with R² of 0.69, MAE = 1.01 and RMSE = 1.23 t ha⁻¹; and MRL with R² of 0.61, MAE = 1.10 and RMSE = 1.38 t ha⁻¹; RF with R² of 0.44, MAE = 1.23 and RMSE = 1.66 t ha⁻¹. The models obtained open the possibility to generate more robust models using a larger number of samples, which would be useful for farmers as well as for management and planning decisions for food and economic security. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of IV Conference on Geomatics Engineering)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

7 pages, 3800 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Automatic Classification of Active Deformation Areas Based on Synthetic Aperture Radar Data and Environmental Covariates Using Machine Learning—Application in SE Spain

by

Jhonatan Rivera-Rivera

,

Marta Béjar-Pizarro

,

Héctor Aguilera

,

Carolina Guardiola-Albert

,

,

,

,

,

María Cuevas-González

,

Roberto Sarro

,

Oriol Monserrat

,

Mónica Martínez-Corbella

,

Michele Crosetto

and

Juan López-Vinielles

Environ. Sci. Proc. 2023, 28(1), 15; https://doi.org/10.3390/environsciproc2023028015 - 29 Dec 2023

Viewed by 147

Abstract

Deformation processes, both natural (e.g., subsidence, landslides, active tectonics) and induced (e.g., associated with mining, construction. groundwater exploitation), result in significant socioeconomic losses worldwide. Accurate detection and classification of these processes are crucial for effective risk management. In this study, we present a [...] Read more.

Deformation processes, both natural (e.g., subsidence, landslides, active tectonics) and induced (e.g., associated with mining, construction. groundwater exploitation), result in significant socioeconomic losses worldwide. Accurate detection and classification of these processes are crucial for effective risk management. In this study, we present a novel approach for the automatic classification of deformation processes using Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) data and machine learning techniques. Specifically, we use a decision tree-based classification algorithm to train a model capable of recognizing and distinguishing different types of deformation processes using time series of displacements, grouped into Active Deformation Areas (ADAs). We test this methodology in a large area in SE Spain. Our results demonstrate promising performance, with an Area Under the Curve (AUC) > 0.95, identifying several covariates of morphometric, geological, hydrogeological, and geotechnical nature as key factors. This automatic classification of InSAR data holds significant implications for risk management associated with ground deformation, providing a potentially valuable tool for decision makers in urban planning and land management officials. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of IV Conference on Geomatics Engineering)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

5 pages, 739 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Agricultural Cultural Landscapes in America and Their Cartographic Delimitations

by

Henry Leonel Cárcamo Macoto

and

María José Viñals

Environ. Sci. Proc. 2023, 28(1), 13; https://doi.org/10.3390/environsciproc2023028013 - 27 Dec 2023

Viewed by 154

Abstract

This research analyzed a sample of agricultural cultural landscapes recognized by United Nations agencies on the American continent, with the objective of study being the geographical delimitation established for each of the cultural properties. The results show the lack of “general considerations” that [...] Read more.

This research analyzed a sample of agricultural cultural landscapes recognized by United Nations agencies on the American continent, with the objective of study being the geographical delimitation established for each of the cultural properties. The results show the lack of “general considerations” that provide guidelines to carry out this activity, which consequently enables the protection of a territory and its management. It was identified that the perimeters of these cultural landscapes may have limits based on the following; geomorphological features, linear infrastructures, political–administrative limits, and if none of these limits are present then they are physically catalogued as vague or unclear. The establishment of general delimitation guidelines will allow the development of public policies for the organizing of such territory and a sustainable, dynamic, efficient, and resilient management for this type of living landscape. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of IV Conference on Geomatics Engineering)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

5 pages, 2744 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Field Campaign for the Collection of Exposure Data Regarding Natural Hazards in Heritage Buildings, Guaranda, Ecuador

by

Alejandra Benavides-Ocampo

,

Jorge Gaspar-Escribano

and

Carlos Ocampo-León

Environ. Sci. Proc. 2023, 28(1), 14; https://doi.org/10.3390/environsciproc2023028014 - 25 Dec 2023

Viewed by 110

Abstract

The present investigation addresses the context in which the heritage buildings of the city of Guaranda (Ecuador) are exposed, in the face of natural or anthropic hazards. The interest lies in the degree of sensitivity towards the correct assessment of cultural heritage, given [...] Read more.

The present investigation addresses the context in which the heritage buildings of the city of Guaranda (Ecuador) are exposed, in the face of natural or anthropic hazards. The interest lies in the degree of sensitivity towards the correct assessment of cultural heritage, given that, for several years, this issue has been scarcely analyzed or documented. Consequently, field work was carried out in conjunction with the authorities of Guaranda and the Bolívar State University, in order to update the inventory of goods. The exposure and vulnerability measures of the National Institute of Cultural Heritage were used to analyze hazards and vulnerabilities in a GIS environment. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of IV Conference on Geomatics Engineering)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

5 pages, 618 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

A Linear Regression Model for Live Fuel Moisture Content Estimation during the Fire Season in Shrub Areas of the Province of Valencia in Spain Using Sentinel-2 Remote Sensing Data

by

Kenneth Pachacama-Vallejo

and

Ángel Balaguer-Beser

Environ. Sci. Proc. 2023, 28(1), 12; https://doi.org/10.3390/environsciproc2023028012 - 25 Dec 2023

Viewed by 141

Abstract

Live Fuel Moisture Content (LFMC) describes the amount of water present in any type of vegetation and helps quantify the amount of fuel available in a wildfire. In this paper, a multivariate linear regression model was built to estimate the LFMC of the [...] Read more.

Live Fuel Moisture Content (LFMC) describes the amount of water present in any type of vegetation and helps quantify the amount of fuel available in a wildfire. In this paper, a multivariate linear regression model was built to estimate the LFMC of the weighted average of all shrub-type species present, using the fraction of canopy cover (FCC) of each forest species as weights. Sample training was conducted with field data obtained during the fire season of the years 2019, 2020 and 2021 in 15 plots of a Mediterranean area where vegetation composed of the shrub-type species dominates. Different spectral indices extracted from Sentinel-2 together with the mean surface temperature, the accumulated precipitation and the seasonal parameters were considered as predictors. The results were compared with the extrapolation of another model trained with field data collected in the year 2019. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of IV Conference on Geomatics Engineering)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

5 pages, 738 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Evaluation of Interpolation Methods for Refractivity Mitigation

by

Raquel Luján

,

Luis García-Asenjo

and

Sergio Baselga

Environ. Sci. Proc. 2023, 28(1), 11; https://doi.org/10.3390/environsciproc2023028011 - 25 Dec 2023

Viewed by 118

Abstract

Refraction has to be eliminated or mitigated for medium- or long-range applications requiring high accuracy (such as deformation monitoring). The high variability of meteorological parameters, and thus refraction, makes mitigation complicated. This study explores the possibility of direct refractivity interpolation with different algorithms [...] Read more.

Refraction has to be eliminated or mitigated for medium- or long-range applications requiring high accuracy (such as deformation monitoring). The high variability of meteorological parameters, and thus refraction, makes mitigation complicated. This study explores the possibility of direct refractivity interpolation with different algorithms for a nine-station meteorological sensor network in Cortes de Pallás (Spain). Our Multiple Linear Regression (MLR) model can potentially contribute to improving the refraction correction of the monitored area. MLR provides, on average, an RMSE of 0.6 (dimensionless) compared to 1.5 obtained with Inverse Distance Weighting (IDW). For future improvements, the previous smoothing of meteorological data will be considered, and the possibility of using GNSS for vertical atmospheric information will be studied. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of IV Conference on Geomatics Engineering)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

4 pages, 1783 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Principal Component Analysis for the Identification of the Vegetal Status in the Cerro Azul Meámbar National Park, Honduras, Using a Landsat 8 Image from the Year 2018

by

Rafael Enrique Corrales

,

Juan Gregorio Rejas

and

Mercedes Farjas

Environ. Sci. Proc. 2023, 28(1), 10; https://doi.org/10.3390/environsciproc2023028010 - 21 Dec 2023

Viewed by 187

Abstract

The present area of investigation is located in the core zone of the Cerro Azul Meámbar National Park, Honduras. The objective was to demonstrate the vegetation cover and its biomass conditions in the core zone, using geomatics techniques. The methodology is based on [...] Read more.

The present area of investigation is located in the core zone of the Cerro Azul Meámbar National Park, Honduras. The objective was to demonstrate the vegetation cover and its biomass conditions in the core zone, using geomatics techniques. The methodology is based on Principal Component Analysis, using the image p18r50 (year 2018) from the Landsat 8 Program as data. This returned the following results: (A) Percentages of the total variation for each of the five components; (B) Eigenvalues and percentages of total variation; and (C) The correlation between the principal components and the five bands of the sensor. By using these components, we achieved a separability between the vegetation cover and the bare soil in the image. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of IV Conference on Geomatics Engineering)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

6 pages, 1836 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Evolution of the Guatemalan Earthquake Catalog

by

Ramiro González

and

Jorge Gaspar-Escribano

Environ. Sci. Proc. 2023, 28(1), 8; https://doi.org/10.3390/environsciproc2023028008 - 21 Dec 2023

Viewed by 147

Abstract

This paper describes all the characteristics of the Guatemalan earthquake catalog and how it has evolved. Over 64,483 earthquakes are included in this paper distributed in some areas of El Salvador, Mexico, Honduras, and Belize, but mainly in Guatemala. Regularly, the earthquake catalogs [...] Read more.

This paper describes all the characteristics of the Guatemalan earthquake catalog and how it has evolved. Over 64,483 earthquakes are included in this paper distributed in some areas of El Salvador, Mexico, Honduras, and Belize, but mainly in Guatemala. Regularly, the earthquake catalogs improve their characteristics over time, however, this is not the case for the catalog of Guatemala. Although earthquake detection improved with the establishment of the national seismic network operated by the National Institute of Seismology, Vulcanology, Meteorology and Hydrology (INSIVUMEH) in 1977, the catalog has not kept a favorable evolution over time. This has led to problems with earthquake detection, large location errors, increasing magnitude of completeness, and others that are going to be discussed later in this paper. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of IV Conference on Geomatics Engineering)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

4 pages, 1316 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Towards the Updating of Rural Cadastre: Justification for Improved Land Administration

by

Angel Collado

,

Fernando Buchón-Moragues

and

David Hernández-López

Environ. Sci. Proc. 2023, 28(1), 9; https://doi.org/10.3390/environsciproc2023028009 - 21 Dec 2023

Viewed by 171

Abstract

Keeping the database of a country's land administration system up to date is essential for territorial and social development. In the dual Spanish case, public policies should be applied in order to coordinate and improve land management. This article aims to highlight the [...] Read more.

Keeping the database of a country's land administration system up to date is essential for territorial and social development. In the dual Spanish case, public policies should be applied in order to coordinate and improve land management. This article aims to highlight the need to update the outdated cadastral ownership component as a result of its scarce updating. The comparison of cadastral ownership with population and genealogical information will be fundamental to show the current situation and justify the need to improve the rural cadastre. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of IV Conference on Geomatics Engineering)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

Search Results (1,434)

Further Information

Guidelines

MDPI Initiatives

Follow MDPI

Saved Queries

Search Filter Reset All

Years

Feature Papers

Article Types

Countries / Regions

Search Results (1,434)

Further Information

Guidelines

MDPI Initiatives

Follow MDPI